Tag Archives: History

Walking Tours of Querétaro – an Excerpt

5 Jan
Download any of the Eight "Walking Tour" books at Amazon.com; Barnes and Noble.com; or Kobo.com

Download any of the Eight “Walking Tour” books at Amazon.com; Barnes and Noble.com; or Kobo.com

An Excerpt from my, “Walking Tours of Santiago de Queretaro”.

Walking Tours of Santiago de Querétaro
Copyright William J. Conaway, 1998

The Early History
The State of Querétaro is bordered by deep canyons and towering mountains. Its eastern edge lies along the Sierra Madre Oriental and its northern and northwestern along the Sierra Gorda where you find the Cerro de la Calentura (Fever Mountain), 3,350 meters tall (10,887 feet); the Pico de Zamorano (Zamora’s Peak), 3,300 meters (10,725 feet); Cerro Pengüicas (Penguin’s Mountain), 3191 meters (10,370 feet); the Cerro del Callo (Callous Mountain), 2,940 meters (9,555 feet); the Astillero (Splinter Mountain), 2,850 meters (9,295 feet); and the Cimatario (Summit Mountain), 2,447 meters (7,952 feet).

These mountain systems form tremendous valleys like those of where the cities of Querétaro, San Juan del Río, Cadereyta, and Tequisquiapan are located. These valley floors are at 1,800 meters above sea level (5,850 feet).

Archeologist tell us that from 6,000 – 3,000 B.C. waves of migrating tribes moving south peopled the country to the north of Querétaro with agriculturally innovative settlers who domesticated maiz, frijol, calabaza, chile, champiñones, etc. The innovation of the new “sedentary” way of life, with its security of steady supplies of foodstuffs, led to the further advancement of mankind: the invention of ceramics and weaving looms provided humans with cooking pots and warm clothing. All this we know from archeological digs in the State of Querétaro.

Querétaro forms a dividing line between Mesoamérica and Aridamérica. In Aridamérica the people remained nomads, hunters and gatherers. Fierce independent people who remained aloof and hostile when they confronted their other more settled brethren. The mixture of these two very different civilizations give Querétaro its unique cultural heritage.

By 350 A.D., the people in the northern areas of Querétaro lived in the mountains and used the natural formations for defense. They mined the rocky peaks for minerals to trade with the coastal populations in the Veracruz area, as evidenced by the pottery shards discovered later.

In the southern regions of the state were large cultivated areas in the valleys, San Juan Del Río being the location of important markets for trade in the region.

Walking Tours of Guanajuato

3 Jan
Download a "Walking Tours" book today from Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble.com, and Kobo.com.

Download a “Walking Tours” book today from Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble.com, and Kobo.com.

Walking Tours of Guanajuato – an Excerpt

2 Jan

Download all Eight Mexican Colonial Cities Walking Tours

Download all Eight Mexican Colonial Cities Walking Tours

An excerpt from my “Walking Tours of Guanajuato: City of Cervantes”.

Walking Tour of Guanajuato:
City of Cervantes

Guanajuato is one of the Mexican cities which have best preserved their own peculiar spirit, and in consequence, their authentic stateliness.
Introduction to Guanajuato

Nature made this corner of México one of magnificence. Its indescribable dynamism fills all who see it with wonder and enjoyment. And it gives one an uneasy sensation: that of the intense power of geology over the stupendous and rugged landscape. Esteban A. de Varona
This guide is designed so that you can see all of the important places downtown between the hours of 11 A.M. and 2 P.M., because most of the museums and churches close then. If you can wait for lunch until then, you’ll be better off. Take a Snickers!

If you’re physically unable to walk long distances and you need a shorter tour try to do #’s 1-10, M1, and M3 at least. You can buy postcards of #’s 11-15 and either take a bus or a taxi to all the rest.

The legends are printed in italics. They are authentic, and have been handed down generation after generation. I suggest you find a place to sit and read them while you’re actually at the place named in them. But if you wish you can read them before you start out or afterwards. It’s up to you.

You really should spend a few days here in this magical place to get the feel of it. Right downtown at the start of our Walking Tour is the Hotel Santa Fe (4 star) directly on the Plaza de la Unión, or across the street the Hotel San Diego (3 star) next to the church of the same name. These are great places to spend the weekend and be serenaded by the University band.

If you’d rather stay out of town there’s always the Hotel Misión de San Gabriel de Barrera (5 star) right beside the museum of the same name. You can taxi into town from there.

Don’t go to Guanajuato by car. Go by bus. México has the best bus service in North America. They have comfortable seats, movies, bathrooms, and they maintain a speed limit of 55 miles-an-hour. Having a car in Guanajuato is of no real benefit.

If you must drive, park as soon as you enter the city. There’s a public parking lot on the left hand side of the divided street just after the statue of the miners, Estacionamiento Público.

From the bus station or the public parking lot you can get a cab into the city to our starting point, Jardín de la Unión.

If you’re on a budget: from the bus station take one of the city buses that says Jardín Unión on the windshield. If you’ve driven to Guanajuato, from the parking lot, cross the street, and walk down to the covered bus kiosk. Take any bus that says Jardín Unión on the windshield.

The city, approached by road, is completely concealed in a long deep valley until the last turn in the road when suddenly you’re on one of the busiest thoroughfares (there are only three) of Guanajuato.

The mountains to the north are Los Cerros del Cuarto. Due south, across town from them (statue of Pipila) is the San Miguel mountain. On the east are Los Timultos, and northeast the Mellado, Valenciana, and Cata. The Guanajuato River, with its tributary, the Cata, flows underground mostly, and completely follows the length of the city.

Walking Tours of Guanajuato

1 Jan
From La Cata

From La Cata

A Gringo Guide to Mexican History – the Perfect Gift!

25 Dec
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Download a e-book gift today! Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble.com, and Kobo.com too!

A Gringo Guide to Mexican History – Another Excerpt

24 Dec

Mexican History Medium
An Exceprt from my, “Gringo Guide to Mexican History”.

LIFE IN THE STREETS AND PLAZAS OF COLONIAL MEXICO
During the 16th and 17th centuries little was known about the spread of disease and the need for sanitation. The streets were open sewers full of garbage, discarded clothes, dead dogs and cats, broken crockery, and any other disgusting thing that came to hand, all thrown down from the windows of the houses on either side. The masters of the houses lived on the upper floors. The first floor was for animals and servants!

It wasn’t until the 18th century that they began to illuminate the streets and plazas at night. When forced to leave their homes in the dark, the nobles were preceded by their imported Negro slaves carrying flaming torches. Many a poorer resident, coming home in the dark, found himself drenched with unspeakable filth thrown out of an upper story window. (And they tell me México City had no public illumination until 1970!)

The plazas were open air markets full of pig stys, chicken coops, sheep and goat pens, and cows waiting to be milked. There were slaughter houses with no regard paid to the rotting blood that spilled on the paving stones.
Even though the atmosphere was very pious, the private lives of the city’s citizens were not. Prostitution and every other vice flourished, and consciences were eased with large donations to the Church.

Then in the 18th century the colonial cities changed morally and materially. Filthy canals were filled in, streets were paved, public bathrooms were built, water hydrants were provided for the citizens, streets were named and houses numbered, free schools were instituted, bell-ringing was further limited, and public nudity was abolished.

Streetlights were ordered to be provided by the inhabitants of the houses in their doorways and windows. By the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, city police were providing protection for the citizens. In 1722, the first national newspaper was published, and in 1805, the first daily emerged.

Public libraries were opened and the intellectual life of the great city began in earnest, with conversations and discussions in the first cafes that opened along the boulevards.

A Gringo Guide to Mexican History – The Perfect Gift

22 Dec
Download the gift version today!

Download the gift version today!

A Gringo Guide to Mexican History – an Excerpt

21 Dec

Mexican History Medium

An Excerpt from my “Gringo Guide to Mexican History”.

 

The Religious Conquest of Mexico
In 1529, Don Juan de Zumárraga, first Bishop and Archbishop of México, wrtoe in a report to the King:

“We are very busy with our continuous and great work in the conversion of the infidels of whom…over a million people have been baptized, five hundred temples of idols have been razed to the ground and over 20,000 images of devils that they adored have been broken to pieces and burned…And…the infidels of this city of México, who in former times had the custom of sacrificing each year over 20,000 human hearts to their idols, now make their offerings to God instead of to the devils…. Many of these children, and others who are older, know how to read, write, sing, and sound the proper pitches for singing…. They watch with extreme care to see where their parents hide their idols, and then they steal them and faithfully bring them to our friars. For doing this, some have been cruelly slain by their own parents, but they live crowned in glory with Christ…. Each one of our monasteries has next to it a house in which children are taught and where there is a school, a dormitory, a dining hall and a chapel for devotion…. Blessed be the Lord for everything….”

(You read it, in five short years they had baptized over a million people. The friars had destroyed 500 temples of idols, and 20,000 images of idols!)
Also among the missionaries first chores was to study the native languages and dialects and to compile vocabulary lists and other linguistic guides, and finally, dictionaries to aid them in teaching the natives the elements of faith, preparing them for baptism. And they baptized hundreds of thousands of the Indians they encountered during their lifetimes. They taught the people how to live better, helped them learn trades, and improved their artistic abilities.

These friars walked about barefoot with only their heavy woolen habits to cover them. They slept on the ground and begged for food in the Indian markets, sometimes even eating tortillas with whatever fruits and berries they could gather. The robes they brought with them from Spain were the only clothes they possessed and were soon worn out. (Clothing was a big problem for everyone in those days.) A legend persists to this day:

Don Martín, an Indian Cacique, Chieftan, of the village of Guacachula, seeing the disgraceful condition of his friars robes, sent several skilled artisans out to work for a newly arrived Spaniard who was weaving cloth on his imported looms and selling all he could produce. These spies were able to learn the trade in a short time and carefully took measurements of all the parts of the looms they worked on. Returning to the village they built their own looms and were soon producing sackcloth for the friars as well as for themselves.

The obvious difference between the humble friars and the conquistadores who built themselves fine homes and gorged themselves with all the best, was all too obvious to the poor Indians.

A Gringo Guide to Mexican History – The Perfect Gift!

20 Dec
U.S. sailors, Veracruz, 1914

U.S. sailors, Veracruz, 1914

A Gringo Guide to Mexican History – Collage

18 Dec
Download your copy today! Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble.com, or Kobo.com too!

Download your copy today! Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble.com, or Kobo.com too!