Mexican Revolution
Excerpts from my , “Gringo Guide to the Mexican Revolution,” available for download from Amazon.com and Barnes and Noble.com. Printed copies on sale in San Miguel de Allende at the Biblioteca gift shop, Garrison and Garrison, and La Deriva bookstores.
Emiliano Zapata…
A young Indian by the name of Emiliano Zapata, born in Anenecuilco (Where the Waters Swirl), Morelos in 1877, began a farmers revolt in his home State.
Zapata was a respected member of his village, from a family with a long history of fighting for freedom in the War for Independence, the War of the Reform, and during the French Intervention.
Zapata had his own piece of land and had never been a peon in the hacienda system. But his strong sense of honor had been offended by the system of government in Morelos. He was interested most of all in recovering lands stolen from his neighbors by greedy land barons.
His army of white clad farmers began by storming haciendas, stealing livestock, killing the hired hacienda defenders, and disappearing back into the mountains with their plunder.
These rebellions, mostly livestock thievery to begin with, grew into armed invasions, military in spirit: A new, almost unthinkable word roared through the countryside, “Revolucion!”
These warriors called themselves by their leader’s names, Villistas or Zapatistas. This practice of naming troops for their commanders became widespread.
And…
By the spring of 1911, the uprising had begun to take fire in Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, Puebla, Guerrero, Veracruz, Tabasco, Oaxaca, and the Yucatán.
Villa and Orozco took Ciudad Juárez, on May 9, 1911. The street-to-street battles were watched by Americans perched comfortably on rooftops, across the river, in El Paso, Texas.
Zapata’s irregular troops took the city of Cuautla, Morelos, and other guerrilla leaders or mobs began taking state capitals throughout the country.
On May 21, 1911, six months after it began, Díaz resigned. A day later he slipped away to Paris, and died there on July 2, 1915.
The defeat of Ciudad Juárez was a coup de grace to the government of General Díaz. With one lone battle won, the capture of a city of such small National importance such as Ciudad Juárez, the Revolution, initiated in November of 1910, had triumphed.
The Revolution was over, or was it?
And then…
But in the freest election ever held in Mexico, Madero and Pino Suárez were elected and on November 6, 1911, Madero was seated in the Presidential Chair. He was, however, no longer the universal and unquestioned apostle he had been. He had turned his back on many of his supporters. His policy of demobilization alienated, and created suspicion in the hearts of many of the combatants.
The working class found the freedom to organize trade unions, which then became centers for socialist propaganda. Madero had lifted the censorship of the newspapers, and they began to attack him viciously. “His program had not been economic but political,” they said. “He has no program.” And his brother, Gustavo, was heard to accuse the press of, “biting the hand that freed them”.
As soon as it became apparent that he had “no program,” his loss of popularity was catastrophic. His high-pitched voice, his nervous mannerisms, his inability to handle delegations tactfully, his shedding of tears during a public performance of Tschaikovsky’s 1812 Overture, his faith in the prophecies made at spiritual seances, his total lack of personal dignity—all this was reported in great detail and began to make him the victim of general ridicule.
“The hope that had stirred the masses with the cries for ‘Land and Liberty’ were misunderstood by the scion of wealthy land barons,” the press reported.
For Madero, his revolution had been for freedom and the restoration of the, 1857 constitution. He was convinced that the country needed a political change, not a social reform. He was not a diplomat, and he governed by feeling rather than cold calculation. The Cabinet he formed was unstable and inefficient, and the Senate, with the same members as under Díaz, opposed him. And the Camera de Duputados, although mostly Maderista, was dominated by venomous oratory against the President.
Find out what happened next by buying my, “Gringo Guide to the Mexican Revolution”….










